English
English
Automotive wiring harness, commonly referred to as the "neural network" or "vascular system" of automobiles, is an essential core component in vehicles. Although hidden beneath the interior panels and coverings, it undertakes the crucial task of delivering electrical energy, data, and signals to every corner of the vehicle. Its specific functions can be summarized as the following core aspects:
1、 The 'big artery' of power transmission: empowering all electrical equipment
This is the basic and core function of the wiring harness. It safely and reliably delivers electrical energy from batteries and generators to all devices and systems that require electric drive.
Starting and Charging: Connecting the battery, starter, and generator forms the lifeline for vehicle starting and continuous power supply.
Drive key actuators: provide power to fuel pumps, various motors (such as window lifters, wipers, fans, seat adjustment motors), etc., allowing them to operate.
Lighting and signal system: Transmit electrical energy to all lighting systems such as headlights, taillights, turn signals, dashboard backlighting, etc., to ensure driving lighting and safety signals.
Supply of in car comfort equipment: supply power to comfort and convenience devices such as information entertainment systems, air conditioning systems, cigarette lighters, USB interfaces, etc.
2、 The 'nervous system' of signal transmission: achieving intelligent control and collaboration
Modern cars are no longer simply mechanical constructions, but rather complex electronic control systems. The wiring harness plays a role in transmitting neural signals here.
Sensor signal transmission: Sensors throughout the vehicle, such as wheel speed sensors, oxygen sensors, temperature sensors, cameras, and radars, continuously collect vehicle status and environmental information. This information is transmitted in real-time to the corresponding control unit (ECU) through signal lines in the wiring harness.
Control command issuance: After receiving sensor signals and performing calculations, the ECU issues control commands. These instructions are also transmitted through the wiring harness to the actuators (such as fuel injectors, solenoid valves, throttle motors, and brake anti lock system regulators) with precision, commanding them to make corresponding actions.
Realize system linkage: It is through the connection of wiring harnesses that originally independent systems can work together. For example, when you step on the brake, the brake pedal sensor signal is transmitted to the ECU through the wiring harness, and the ECU then commands the brake system to work through the wiring harness, and at the same time lights up the high mounted brake lights, even triggering an anti-collision warning.
3、 The 'Information Superhighway' of Data Exchange: Building a Vehicle Communication Network
In modern architecture based cars, wiring harnesses bear the heavy responsibility of high-speed data communication.
Connect control unit network: dozens of control units such as engine ECU, transmission ECU, body stability system ESC, airbag controller, etc. need to share information and coordinate decisions through bus systems such as CAN (controller area network), LIN (local interconnection network), and even higher speed Ethernet. These network buses are integrated into the wire bundle.
Support information entertainment and interconnection: Connect the central control display screen, audio system, navigation, car communication module, etc. to achieve fast transmission of audio and video data, and support functions such as car networking and OTA (over the air upgrade).
Empowering advanced driving assistance systems: ADAS systems rely on massive amounts of data generated by high-definition cameras, millimeter wave radar, and LiDAR. The real-time and lossless transmission of these data requires a high-performance data channel provided by the wiring harness.
4、 Safety assurance and grounding circuit
Circuit protection: The wiring harness is tightly matched with the fuse box and relay box. When a short circuit or overload occurs in the circuit, the fuse will melt, cutting off the current and protecting the wiring harness and electrical equipment from being burned out.
Reliable grounding: The wiring harness provides a unified grounding circuit for all electrical equipment, ensuring that the current can form a complete closed circuit, which is the foundation for stable operation of the electrical system.
In summary, the role of automotive wiring harnesses is far more than just "powering on". It is a comprehensive network that integrates power distribution, signal transmission, data communication, and circuit protection. With the continuous improvement of the electrification, intelligence, and networking of automobiles, the complexity and importance of wiring harnesses are also increasing day by day. They can be regarded as the "lifeline" connecting all electronic and electrical components of automobiles, and are the fundamental guarantee for automobiles to become intelligent, safe, and efficient modern transportation tools.
